Colonization occurs primarily through competitive adhesion, whereby probiotic adhesinsincluding mucus-binding proteins (MUBs), the surface-layer protein SlpA, and the pilus-tip adhesin SpaCbind with high affinity to epithelial receptors or mucins, thereby spatially excluding pathogenic bacteria such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella (Kankainen et al., 2009
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1F), which localises to the nucleus (Yahata et al, 2009)
Overlooking Quality & Purity Some supplements on the market are under-dosed, filled with additives, or lack third-party testing