In parallel, in-depth mechanistic studies could identify the precise biological mechanisms underlying the association between ACs and depression
For instance, mitochondrial ROS activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to drive pyroptosis, while TGF- and ROS form a self-amplifying loop that accelerates fibrotic progression
The studies consistently reflected effects as tissue protection, inflammation control, and vascular stability
These side effects usually diminish over time but can be managed with small adjustments
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