Avoid in patients with hypertension, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism
Zhang Q, Chen W, Lv X, Weng Q, Chen M, Cui R, et al
doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z Shimizu H, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, et al
Certain health conditions such as intestinal or stomach problems, poor nutrition, cancer, HIV, pregnancy, old age, veganism and alcoholism can cause vitamin B12 deficiency
no aspiration required for subcutaneous route CDC Subcutaneous Injection Technique (PDF) Technique diagram and site guidance for subcutaneous injections NCBI Bookshelf Best practices for injection: asepsis, preparation, and administration techniques Additional Research and Background These sources provide related context and are not presented as support for a specific statement above