Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A, et al
The principal physiological strategy for rendering these substances more readily excretable is biotransformation, which proceeds through two major phases
For more long-term benefits like skin health and healthy aging support, it typically takes 30 to 60 days for cellular levels to stabilize and for visible or felt changes to become more apparent.
Potential publication bias must also be considered, as studies reporting positive effects of astaxanthin are more likely to be published than neutral or negative findings
Key findings include: Tendon and ligament repair: Many rodent studies show BPC-157 can speed healing of cut Achilles tendons, knee ligaments, and quad muscles, with better collagen layout and recovery