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The Fagerstrm Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) 10 and the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS) 11 were provided to all participants in order to assess current (for smokers) and past (for vapers) smoking dependence

Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G., Haycock, P

These devices heat a liquid into an aerosol thats inhaled by the user

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"Now that we're seeing such clogging up of our hospital systems with huge demand - a lot of it's resulting from smoking - this would in a sense help our health system all over." Public health expert Professor Simon Chapman says tobacco companies are worried because they know the move will reduce smoking rates and their own profits